The Arabic Papyrology Database
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P.
AbbottLiteraryPapyri
AbbottMarriageContracts
AbbottMutawakkil
AbbottUbaidAllah
AbdarrahmanZawag
AbdarRaziqAqdaNikah
AbdarraziqMariagedesEsclaves
AbdelRahmanLease
AbdulRahmanMarriageDivorce
AbdulRahmanTaamulat
AbdulTawabInvestitures
AbdulTawabWaqfiyya
AbelPapyrus
AbuSafiyyaBardiyyatQurra
AbuSafiyyaRisalatMusa
AcienAlmansaTextosMudéjares
AgiusHomeland
AgiusOstrichEgg
AguirreCompraventa
AhmadWaqfiya
AlarconAbenaboo
AlbarracinDocumentoPosesorio
AljoumaniAccount
AljoumaniGlimpse
Alqab
AmariGenova
Amh. II
AminalGuri
AminNasir
AminQalawun
AminQayitbay
AminSahid
AminWaqf
Amiratus
AnawatiPapyrusChretien
ApellanizBanquiers
Aragon
AragonGranada
ArcasCampoyCarta
ArchivoGranada I
ArchivoGranada II
ArchivoGranada III
Ardabil
ArfaHammel
ArribasPalauProclamacion
AshtorHistory I-III
AsinTudela
as-SayyidRasid
AtiyaFatwa
AtiyaHandlistSinai
BabingerStaatsschreiben
Bacque-GrammontLettres
Bad. V
Bal.
BaramkiExcavations
BaranskiArabisation
BarceloAsesinato
BarceloAssassinat
BarceloAzraq
BarceloAzucar
BarceloConsideraciones
BarceloCulla
BarceloIndumentaria
BarceloInventario
BarceloMunastir
BarceloNuevosFondos
BarceloPenaguila
BarceloPoblament
BarceloPoblamiento
BarceloTresCartes
BaudenAchat
BaudenAlexandrie
BaudenDiplomatics
BaudenDueTrattati
BaudenEntanglement
BaudenHandlist
BaudenIkhwaniyyat
BaudenInterpreters
BaudenLists
BaudenTransport
BaudenTroisLettres
Bawit
BeckerNPAF
BeckerPAF
BeckerPapyrusstudien
BejaranoSevilla I
BejaranoSevilla II
BellEntagion
BellTwoLetters
BerkesCareers
BerkesMatar
BerkesSchreibübungen
BerkesScorpionAmulet
BerkesTrilingualScribe
Berl.Arab. I
Berl.Arab. II
BKT VI
Blau/HopkinsJudaeoArabicPapyri
BlidZaborowskiExcavations
Blockprints
Bodl.Arab.
BogenspergerTextileTermini
BoschHuesca
BruningDevelopments
BruningEnslavement
BruningLineage
BruningSlaveTrade
BruningSunna
BrunschvigImmeuble
BrunschvigLettre
Brux.Bawit
BseesSaleContract
BseesSelfDefence
BseesSpektrum
BuresiPise
BuresiPlaintes
BurnsAzraq
BurnsRendicio
BurnsTreaties
BustaniCartas
BustaniNubdha
CabanelasDocumentoMozarabe
CabanelasOtroDocumento
CadellFragments
CahenFaitDivers
CahenPrisonnier
CahenRagibDette
CahenTalai
Cair.Arab.
Cair.Arab.Cat.
Cair.Archives
CarroMartinCertificate
CarroScrolls
CarusoAppendice
CasanovaNotes
CastriesSources
CertificatsPelerinage
CerveraVenta
ChampollionDocuments XXXVII 5
Chrest.Khoury I
Chrest.Khoury II
ChristieRentalDocument
Christ.Musl.
CIAP VI
Clackson 45
ColinCharte
ContessaAdelaide
CorteNazari
Cow
CPR III
CPR III 1,1
CPR VIII
CPR XIX
CPR XVI
CPR XXI
CPR XXII
CPR XXVI
CPR XXXVI
CPR XXXVII
CPR XXXII
CrumCharm
CrumLetter
CuencaIslam
Cullar
DaaifDocument
DagornPoblet
Damas
DarragWaqf
David-WeillContrat
David-WeillEdfou
David-WeillLouvre
David-WeillMarchand
David-WeillMusée
David-WeillPropriete
DeLasCagigasDocumneto
DelattreEcrire
DelattreEntagion
DelattreSymbole
deMataTreguas
DerenbourgCharte
DerenbourgRoideGrenade
DiemAmtlicheSchreiben
DiemAphrodito
DiemBegleitbrief
DiemCair.Arab. V
DiemDienstschreiben
DiemFrueheUrkunden
DiemGenizadokument
DiemGouverneur
DiemHadite
DiemHaramCat.
DiemKhalili I I
DiemKhalili I II
DiemKontoauszug
DiemMagischeTexte
DiemMamlukischerBrief
DiemMauleselin
DiemPrivatbriefe
DiemRechtsurkunden
DiemRemarkableDocuments
DiemReviewMarchands I
DiemVorstellungen
DiemVulgarismus
DiemWien
DietrichDrogenhandel
DietrichEheurkunde
DietrichKnochenstuecke
DietrichTopkapi
Diplomata 32
DocumentosGranadinos
DonnerFragments
DridiFille
DridiStatut
EgyptAragon
EscriturasMoz.Tol.
FahmiTaaqud
FalkenhausenCharter
Fam.Tebt.
FancyAlmohads
Fatimid
Fay.Copt
Fay.Monast.
Fay.Villages
FentonTefillah
FernandezMudejares
FerrandoDonacion
FerrandoNuevosDocumentos
FerrandoTestamentoCompraventa
Flor.Arab.
FlorenceSultanat
Frantz-MurphyComparison I
Frantz-MurphyContracts
Frantz-MurphyQuseir
Frantz-MurphyTransformation
FrenkelMamlukOfficials
GalvezYarida
Garcia-ArenalTudelaTarazona
GarciaLujanAutografa
GarciaLujanTreguas
GarciaPilar
GarciaTudela1509
Gascou
Gascou 27-28
Gascou 29
Gascou 52-58
GascouQurra
GayangosPoblet
GenizaAlexandria
GenizaFreer
GenizahCambr.
GenizahJewishFound.
GenizahKhorasan
GenizahKingdom
GenizahPalestine
GenizahPalestineCorrections
GenizaIndia II
GenizaMerchants
GilReligionandRealities
GimenezAragon
GirgisBaramus
Giss.Arab
GonzalesCenete
GonzalezRiegos
GonzalezVentaToledo
GottheilDhimmis
GottheilKaraites
GottheilResponsa
GottheilSynagogue
GottheilTwoSynagogues
Granada
GranadaNazari
GrandHenryIrrigation
GregoireMazara
Grenf. II
GrohmannApercu
GrohmannBerlin
GrohmannBeziehung
GrohmannDating
GrohmannDiscoveries
GrohmannFatimidenerlass
GrohmannGrundsteuerquittung
GrohmannMichaelides
GrohmannNeueBeitraege
GrohmannOstraca
GrohmannPaläographie
GrohmannPapyrusprotokoll
GrohmannProbleme
GrohmannQorraBrief
GrohmannSteuerpapyrus
GrohmannUrkunden
GrohmannWirtsch.
GronkeYarkand
GuerreroCartasMarroquies
GuestArabicInscriptions
GuestPapyrus
GuichardValence 68a
GuoDinars
GuoDocuments I
GuoDocuments II
HaimDeeds
HaimEarlyLetter
HaimGenizah
HaimPaper
HalilAza
HalilBardiyyatIqtisadiyya
HalilHitabat
Hamb.Arab. I
Hamb.Arab. II
HanafiBusinessLetter
HanafiCairoCopenhagen
HanafiContracts
HanafiFourDocuments
HanafiPrivateLetters
HanafiReport
HanafiTwoArabicDocuments
HanafiTwoNewEditions
HanafiTwoPaperDocuments
HanafiWill
Haram.Cat.
Haram I
Haram II
Haram III
Haram IV
Haun.Arab.
HawariZawag
Heid.Arab. I
Heid.Arab. II
Heid.Arab. III
HeidemannDecret
Heid.Rechtsgutachten
Heid. XI
HeinAyyubidischeDiplomatik
HerzfeldSamarra
HindsNubia
HoltSpanishRuler
Horak 85
HorakSteuerliste
HorovitzBrief
HoudasLettres
HoursFraude
HoylandDhimma
HoylandNessana56
HuartActes
HusseinSteuersystem
IbnWahb
IbrahimHamsWataiq
IbrahimHidma
IbrahimIstibdal
IbrahimMasrur
IbrahimMuarrih
IbrahimNassan
IbrahimQayitbay
IbrahimSilsilat
IbrahimTalatWataiq
IbrahimTarih
IbrahimTawtiqat
IbrahimWatiqatBay
InanWatiqa
IsaacsCertificate
Jahn
JamilCrusaderAntioch
JamilNormanSicily
JamilSwanSong
JewsSicily 185
JohnsMezzoiuso
JohnsMystery
JohnsSeaExchange
JoySorrow
KalesiDokumenti
KamalDafasSadaq
KamalObligation
KamalTwoBusinessLetters
KamalWarehouse
KamenetzkyDeuxLettres
KaperNaqlun
KarabacekBemerkungenMerx
KarabacekBerlin
KarabacekInvolutio
KarabacekKuenstler
KarabacekPalaeography
KarabacekPapier
KarabacekPapiergeschichte
KarabacekPapyrusfund
KarabacekPapyrusprotokolle
KarabacekReiterstandbild
KarabacekTürken
KarabacekUnterschrift
KaraiteGenizah
Kaufmann
KawatokoRāya
Khalili I
Khalili II
KhanAcknowledgement
KhanAl-Amir
KhanAppointment
KhanBerkeley
KhanFatimidChancery
KhanInheritance
KhanLegalDocument
KhanLegalPapyrus
KhanPetitions
KhanQasrIbrim
KhanScript
Khurasan
KisterLetter
KisterQuran
KölnKauf.
KorkutArapskiDokumenti
Kratchkovski
KRU
KuehnelTiraz
LabartaAljama
LabartaCartas
LabartaCincoDocumentos
LabartaContabilidad
LabartaContratosMatrimoniales
LabartaCuentas
LabartaJabon
LabartaLibros
LabartaNotas
LabartaNovelda
LabartaPicatrix
LabartaRecetas
LabartaReconocimiento
LabartaTetuan
LabartaTextos
LabartaTratado
LacarraTratados
LammTiraz
L.Bat. XXXIII 65
LegendreReutilisation
LeonTelloPoblacion
LettresAlmohades
LevidellaVidaDamietta
LevidellaVidaDruggist
LevidellaVidaMarriage
Levi-ProvencalSoudan
LiebrenzArchive
LiebrenzProduction
LiebrenzQuittung
LittleCourtRecords
LittleDivorce
LittleFivePetitions
LittleJews
LittleMerchant
LittlePurchaseDeeds
LittleTwoPetitions
LoiseauAttestation
LoiseauFamille
Lond.
Lond.Copt.
LongasCapitulaciones
LopezYLopezEscrituras
Loth
LutfiInventories
LutfiIqrars
MahamidTarih
MahirUqud
MahmudZawag
MakkiMuahada
MalczyckiAmulet
MalczyckiComparison
MalczyckiPersonalNotes
MalczysckiInstructions
MalpicaAlqueria
MandalaSottoscrizione
Marchands I
Marchands II
Marchands III
Marchands V,1
MargoliouthDocument
MargoliouthKhotan
MargoliouthLawReport
MargoliouthMonneret
MargoliouthPersian
MargoliouthSelectPapyri
MariageSeparation
MariageSéparation
Marques
MarrowExchanges
MartinezAlmiraRescate
MartinezRuizRecibos
MasalaMartino
MasBelenDocumentoMorisco
MasperoDiplome
MerxDocuments
Messina3
MillasCedulets
Miller, Reading
Mil.Vogl.
MinorskyDocuments
Mird
MisriWatiqa
MobergWaqfUrkunden
MolinaJimenezPropiedad
MolinaLopezGuadix
MolinaLopezNuevoFondo
MomblanchAzraq
MonferrerDocumentos
Moriscos
MoritzFirman
MoutonCroisades
MoutonExemple
MoutonPauvrete
MoutonPelerinages
MoutonPratique
MoutonRachat
MoutonSadr
Mozarab.
MPER XVIII
MPER XXXI
Mudun
MuehlhaeuslerFragment
MuellerBaybars
MuellerConstats
MuellerEcrire
MuhammadIdara
MuhammadIgra'at
MuhammadMarsum
MuhammadQa'ima
MuhlisAqda
MuhyiadDinMassah
MurielMoralesCancilleria
MursiIltimas
MuslimState
NallinoGenova
Ness.
Ness.Arabic
Ness. III
Nilus IV
Nilus IX
Nilus VIII
Nilus XII
Nilus XIII
Nilus XVII
Nilus XXII
NoeldesVergersDiplomes
NormanSicily
Nubia
O.Bawith
O.Crum
OsmanischesÄgypten
OttoneOneScript
OwningBooks
PahlitzschCommunication
PaisValenciano I
PaisValenciano II
PalauRib.Arab. 1
PalauRib.Arab. 2
Panop.Bisch.
PapiriCopti
PeacockArabicLetters
PERF
PerryBillofSale
PetersenCollection
PetrosjanBuchmalerei
Philad.Arab.
PiletteDatation
PiletteSauf-Conduit
PotthastFragmente
PotthastInshaLiterature
PourriereFirmani
Prag.Arab.
P:RegourdMémos
Qaytbay
Quds
Qurra
QuseirArab.
QuseirArab. II
RabbiHugga
RagibAn22
RagibBaux
RagibColombine
RagibCommande
RagibEdfou
RagibGolenischeff
RagibLettreFamiliale
RagibLettres 1-7
RagibLettres 8-19
RagibLettresdeService
RagibLocation
RagibMariage
RagibPlusAncienneLettre
RagibPressoir
RagibQalamun
RagibQurra
RagibSagaralDurr
RagibSauf-Conduits
RagibTroisDocuments
RegourdRequete
ReinfandtEinflussnahme
ReinfandtLeinenhaendler
ReinfandtWeingutbesitzer
RemondonEdfou
RerumArabicarum
Review Chrest.Khoury I
RevilloutActes
RichardsBarid
RichardsChristianProperty
RichardsDay-Book
RichardsDhimmiProblems
RichardsDocumentsSinai
RichardsFatimidPetition
RichardsKaraite
RichardsMamlukPetition
RichardsMonastery
RichardsQasama
RichardsSquareDecree
RichardsWrittenDocuments
RiscianiSultani
RodriguezCompraventa
RodriguezFatima
RodriguezMasari
RodriguezTerres
Ross.Georg. IV
Ross.Georg. V
RossiLettere
RustowPetition
RustowWoman
Ryl.Arab. I
Ryl.Arab. II
Ryl.Copt.
Saarisalo
SaiyourPaperFragments
Saladin
SamarraiMamlukDocument
ScarciaEdition
ScarciaReport
SecodeLucenaFamiliasIlustres
SecodeLucenaParadesGranada I
SecodeLucenaParadesGranada II
SecoDeLucenaTextoArabeDialectal
Seoudi
ShahinSachfahndung
ShahinSchreibübung
ShakedBilingualism
ShakedDandanUiliq
Sicilia
SijpesteijnArchivalMind
SijpesteijnArmyEconomics
SijpesteijnDelegation
SijpesteijnHadith
SijpesteijnInvitation
SijpesteijnPrivate
SijpesteijnProfit
SijpesteijnQurra
SijpesteijnTakingCare
SijpesteijnTravel
SijpesteijnTroubles
SijpesteijnTutun
SilvestredeSacyGenes
SilvestredeSacyPapyrus
SilvestredeSacyTraite
SilvestredeSacyYakoub
SilvestrePalaeography
Sinaikloster
Slavery
SourdelActe
SourdelAttaque
SourdelDeuxActes
SourdelDeuxDocuments
SourdelLettre
SourdelMekka
SourdelSecondeEnquete
SourdelVente
SPP XV
St.Catherine I
St.Catherine II
SternAyyubidDecrees
SternAyyubidPetitions
SternDecree
SternFatimidPetitions
SternItalianMerchants
SternMamlukPetitions
SternMustansir
Steuerquittungen
StoetzerSteuerquittung
Stras.Copt
Stud.Pal. III
Stud.Pal. VIII
Stud.Pal. X
Stud.Pal. XX
SultanMerinide
Terminkauf
TerraSanta
ThungLetter
ThungWrittenObligations
TihamiSihr
TillierAsbag
TillierDebts
TillierDeuxQuittances
TillierFustat
TillierRancon
TillierRecu
TillierRegistre
TillierVanthieghemSilence
TillierVoyageur
TillierWaki
TisserantLettre
Toledo
Torrey
Traders
Transmission
TuchschererRenouvellement
UmariHuyul
vanPuttenSpelling
VanthieghemAbuHurayra
VanthieghemArabisation
VanthieghemCompanion
VanthieghemContrats
VanthieghemCoran
VanthieghemCorrespondance II
VanthieghemDepotoirs
VanthieghemDoha
VanthieghemDossier
VanthieghemFugitifs
VanthieghemLocation 1
VanthieghemLocation 2-3
VanthieghemMaquignon
VanthieghemMiel
VanthieghemMonks
VanthieghemPlusAncienPapier
VanthieghemRecu
VanthieghemSaufConduit
VanthieghemSurintendant
VanthieghemTable
VanthieghemTillierTribunal
VanthieghemTransition
VanthieghemViolences
Vente
VeselyCertificats
VidalCastroWater
VierStudien
VigueraDocumentosAragon
VigueraParticion
VilaContrato
ViladrichSultan
Vind.Arab. I
Vind.Arab. II
Vind.Arab. III
VoglianoRapporto
WansbroughAmbassador
WansbroughCommercialPrivileges
WansbroughMamlukLetter
WansbroughSafeConduct
WansbroughTreatyFlorence
WansbroughTreatyVenice
WataiqalHaram
WeitzLongArm
WeitzTribesmen
World
YounesAcknowledgment
YounesCaliph
YounesClothing
YounesCondolence
YounesDeuxLettres
YounesFourDocuments
YounesLease
YounesPayment
YounesReceipt
YounesRoom
YoussefAmulets
YoussefPaper
ZomenoNotaries
Formal typology:
A1. “This is a document from X”
- “A writing of exemption from Y by X”
-- barāʾaẗ li-Y
-- barāʾaẗ min X
- “From X to Y - do this”
-- ʾammā baʿd fa-sarriḥ
-- ʾammā baʿd fa-ŭḥḍur
-- fa-ʾaʿṭi
-- fa-ĭḥmil
-- fa-ĭqbiḍ
- “From X to Y greetings”
-- min ... ʾilà ... ʾammā baʿd fa-... (no eulogy)
-- min ... ʾilà ... ʾammā baʿd (with eulogy)
- “From X to Y greetings - after the praise of God”
-- min ... ʾilà ... + Baʿdīya (ʿAlāma as part of the eschatocol)
-- min ... ʾilà ... + Baʿdīya (ʿAlāma as part of the protocol)
- “From X to Y - I inform you”
-- (ʾilà) ḥaḍraẗ
-- ʾilà ʿinda ... ʾuʿarrifu-ka (1.Sg.)
-- li-/ʾilà X
-- min ... ʾilà ... (without ʾammā baʿd)
-- min ʿinda ... ʾilà ʿinda
- “Greetings to Y”
-- ăs-salām ăl-karīm
-- ʾilà ... yusallimu ʿalay-ka
-- salām ăl-lāh (sender as Tarǧama)
-- salām ăl-lāh (sender in main text)
-- salām min ăl-lāh
- “Memory of a legal claim”
-- ăllaḏī ʾabdaʿa
-- ăllaḏī waqqafa
-- ʾašraṭa
-- ḏikr ḥaqq
-- fī ḏimmaẗ
-- li-X
-- ṣaḥḥa li-X
-- waǧaba li-X
- “This belongs to what X has ordered”
-- ʿammā ʾamara bi-hi
-- hāḏā mimmā ʾamara bi-hi
-- mimmā ʾamara (bi-hi)
- “This is a document from X to Y that I did to you”
-- hāḏā kitāb kataba-hu
-- ʾinna-hu ʾaṣāba-kum
-- ʾinna-ka ʾaddayta ʾilay-ya
-- ʾin-nī ʾaḏintu la-hu
-- ʾin-nī ḥāsabtu-ka
-- ʾin-nī ḫāṣamtu-ka
-- ʾin-nī masaḥtu ʿalay-ka
-- ʾin-nī qabaḍtu min-ka
- “This is a document of an act”
-- hāḏā kitāb ʿahd
-- hāḏā kitāb ʿaqd
-- hāḏā kitāb fī-hi ḏikr mā ĭštarà
-- hāḏā kitāb ĭttifāq
-- hāḏā kitāb li-/min X
-- hāḏā kitāb mā ʾaʿtaqa
-- hāḏā kitāb nikāḥ
-- hāḏā kitāb ṣadāq
-- hāḏā kitāb wakālaẗ
-- hāḏā kitāb waqf
-- hāḏā maktūb ʾišhād
-- hāḏā maktūb ĭstibdāl
-- hāḏā maktūb tabāyuʿ
-- hāḏā maktūb waqf
-- hāḏā mustanad
-- hāḏihi ḥuǧǧaẗ
-- ʾinna-ka saʾalta-nī ʾan ʾukriya-ka
-- kitāb ʾamān
-- kitāb ʿaṭiyyaẗ
-- kitāb ǧamāʿaẗ mā ĭrtafaʿa
-- kitāb ʾīǧāb
-- kitāb maʿāwiḍ
-- muʿarrafaẗ
- “This is an open decree”
-- hāḏā ẓahīr karīm (ʿAlāma as part of the eschatocol)
-- hāḏā ẓahīr karīm (ʿAlāma as part of the protocol)
- Varia
-- ḏikr ḥāl yanǧamiʿ
-- hāḏā mā ʾaʿṭà
-- Unknown subtype A1
- “X gives a fatwà”
-- mā yaqūlu
-- tafaḍḍalū bi-ăl-ǧawāb
A2. “X has settled”
- “Property has been transferred”
-- ĭntaqala milk
- Varia
-- ʾadḫala
-- ĭltazama
-- Unknown subtype A2
- “X and Y have agreed on a divorce”
-- hāḏā mā ĭṣṭalaḥa
-- ĭḫtalaʿa
-- saʾala
-- ṭallaqa
- “X and Y have exchanged”
-- ʾanzala ... ʿiwaḍ wa-badal
-- ʿāwaḍa
-- taʿāwaḍa
-- taḏkiraẗ A
- “X and Y have married”
-- ĭnʿaqada ăn-nikāḥ
-- tazawwaǧa
- “X has agreed”
-- ḥaḍara
-- ĭttafaqa
-- taḥāsaba
-- taṣādaqa
-- waqaʿa ăl-ĭttifāq
-- waqaʿa ăl-ĭttifāq wa-ăl-ĭrtibāṭ
-- waqaʿa ăt-taqāsum wa-ăt-tafāṣul wa-ăt-taʿdīl
- “X has assigned”
-- ṣayyara
-- taqāyala
- “X has assigned a payment”
-- faraḍa
- “X has bequeathed”
-- ʿahida ... wa-ʾawṣà
-- ʾasnada waṣiyaẗ
-- ʾawḍaʿa
-- ʾawṣà
-- hāḏā mā ʾawṣà
-- tuwuffiya
- “X has bought / Y has sold”
-- bāʿa
-- hāḏā mā ĭštarà A
-- hāḏā mā ĭštarà B
-- ĭbtāʿa
-- ĭštarà
- “X has donated”
-- ʾanzala
-- ʾaʿṭà wa-mallaka
-- hāḏā mā ʾawqafa
-- hāḏā mā taṣaddaqa
-- hāḏā mā waqqafa
-- mallaka
-- mallaka wa-ʾaʿṭà
-- sabbala ... wa-taṣaddaqa
-- taṣaddaqa
-- wahaba
-- waqqafa
- “X has fixed a dower”
-- ʾaṣdaqa
-- hāḏā mā ʾaṣdaqa
-- kayfa ĭnʿaqada
- “X has guaranteed”
-- ḍamina
- “X has made a contract”
-- ʿāqada
- “X has mandated”
-- fawwaḍa
-- qaddama
-- wakkala
- “X has manumitted”
-- ʾaʿtaqa
-- hāḏā mā kātaba
-- ḥarrara wa-ʾaʿtaqa
-- qāṭaʿa
- “X has paid”
-- ʾaddà ... ʿan/min (mā)
-- dafaʿa
-- hāḏā mā dafaʿa
-- ḥamala
- “X has pawned”
-- ʾarhana
-- hāḏā mā ĭrtahana
-- rahana
- “X has presented a claim”
-- ḥaḍara ʾilà maǧlis ăl-ḥukm
-- ḥaḍara ... wa-tanāẓara
-- ṭalaba/ĭnṭalaba
- “X has received”
-- hāḏā mā qaḍà
-- qabaḍa
-- taḫallaṣa
-- tasallama
-- waṣala
- “X has rented”
-- ʾakrà
-- hāḏā mā ʾakrà
-- hāḏā mā ĭktarà
-- hāḏā mā ĭstaʾǧara
-- qad
A3. “X has confirmed”
- “It has been certified”
-- ṯabata
- “It has been presented as proof”
-- ʾaḥḍara
- “It has been ratified”
-- yumḍà ʿalà
- Varia
-- hāḏihi ăd-dār
-- Unknown subtype A3
- “X has acknowledged”
-- ʾaqarra ... ʾanna ʿalay-hi ... fī ḏimmati-hi
-- ʾaqarra ... ʾanna-hu qabaḍa
-- ʾaqarra ... + Verb
-- ĭʿtarafa
-- yaqūlu
- “X has attended”
-- ḥaḍara ʾilà maǧlis
-- ḥaḍara ʾilà šuhūdi-hi
-- ḥaḍara man yaḍaʿu
-- ḥaḍara wa-ʾašhada ʿalà
-- šuhadāʾ ʾāḫir hāḏā ăl-kitāb ḥaḍarū
- “X has called as a witness”
-- ʾašhada
-- ʾašhada ... ʾanna-hu ʾaʿṭà/wahaba
-- mimmā ʾašhada-hu man waǧaba
-- mimman ʾašhada-hu
- “X has inquired”
-- ḍubiṭa
-- ḥaṣala ăl-ʾiḏn ... fī ăl-wuqūf ʿalà X
-- ḥaṣala ăl-wuqūf ʿalà X
- "X has nominated"
- “X has obliged himself”
-- ʾaʿrafa ... ʾanna-hu ĭrtabaṭa
-- ǧaʿala ʿalà nafsi-hi
-- ĭrtabaṭa
- “X has sworn an oath”
-- ḥalafa
-- ŭstuḥlifa
- “X has testified”
-- ăllaḏī yašhadu bi-hi
-- hāḏā mā šahida
-- mimman yaʿlamu
-- šahida
-- šahida ăš-šuhūd
-- šahida man ʾaṯbata
-- šuhūdu-hu
-- waqafa man yaḍaʿu
-- waqafa šuhūdu-hu
-- yaḥūzu šuhūdu-hu
-- yaʿrifu šuhūdu-hu
-- yašhadu
A4. “At the date of”
- “After N had happened”
-- baʿda ʾan taṣādaqa
- Varia
-- Unknown subtype A4
- “When N happened”
-- lammā ʾaḥḍara
-- lammā ʾaʿṭà
-- lammā hamma
-- lammā ĭstaẓhara
-- lammā ĭttafaqa
-- lammā kamala ăl-ĭbtiyāʿ
-- lammā kāna bi-taʾrīḫ
-- lammā maraḍa
-- lammā raġiba
-- lammā ṯabata ladà X
-- lammā takarrara ăl-kalām wa-taraddada ăl-ʾaqāwīl
-- lammā ṭalaba/ĭnṭalaba
-- lammā taṣaddaqa
-- lammā tuwuffiya
-- lammā waqaʿa ăl-ḫiṣām
-- lammā waqaʿa fī ăl-ʾasr
-- lammā waqqafa
-- lammā warada ... yataḍammanu
-- lammā waṣala
-- lammā waṣala ... ʾaṣdara ăl-ʾamr ăl-ʿālī
A5. “Pay to X!”
- “Do it” (Imperative)
-- ʾaṭliq
-- ĭbʿaṯ
-- ĭdfaʿ
-- ĭḥmal
-- tafaḍḍal
-- ŭktub
-- ŭnẓur
- “Let him do it” (Iussive)
-- ăl-musayyar
-- li-yaḥḍur
-- li-yatasallam
-- li-yusallam
-- tanẓur
-- yadfaʿu
-- yatasallamu
- Varia
-- Unknown subtype A5
A6. “I am writing to you in full health”
- 1.Sg. documents
-- ăd-dāllaẗ taḥmilu-nī
-- ʾanā ʾasʾalu
-- ʾasʾalu ăl-lāh
-- ʾastawdiʿu ăl-lāh la-ka
-- ʾawḥaša-nī ĭnqiṭāʿ kitāb
-- fahimtu-hu
-- ĭḥtaǧtu/ĭḥtaǧnā
-- ĭnfaṣaltu min ʿinda-ka
-- ĭstaḫartu ăl-lāh
-- kitāb-ī ʾilay-ka / katabtu ʾilay-ka
-- kuntu wāfaqtu-ka
-- law waṣaftu mā
-- mā ʾabṭaʾtu kutub-ī ʿan-ka
-- maḍaytu ʾilà
-- mā taraktu
-- naẓartu
-- qad ʾanfaḏtu
-- qad qabaḍtu
-- qaraʾtu ruqʿata-ka
-- ruqʿat-ī
-- ʾuʿarrifu-ka
-- ʾuḫbiru-ka
-- ʾuḥibbu ʾan
-- ʾuʿlimu
-- wa-man kuntu ʾaštāqu-hu
-- waqaftu ʿalà ruqʿata-ka
- Eulogy documents
-- ʾaʿazza-ka ăl-lāh
-- ʾabqā-ka ăl-lāh
-- ʾadāma al-lāhu
-- ʿāfā-nā ăl-lāh
-- ʾaḥsana ăl-lāh
-- ʾakrama-ka ăl-lāh
-- ʾamtaʿa-nī ăl-lāh
-- ʾanʿama ăl-lāh
-- ʾaṣlaḥa ăl-lāh
-- ʾaṭāla ăl-lāh
-- dafaʿa ăl-lāh
-- ǧaʿala-nī ăl-lāh
-- ǧuʿiltu
-- ḥafiẓa-ka ăl-lāh
-- madda ăl-lāh
-- massā-ka ăl-lāh
-- ṣabbaḥa-ka ăl-lāh
-- waffaqa ăl-lāh
- Focus on addressee (2./3.Sg.)
-- ʾin raʾayta
-- kāna ... ʾanfaḏa
-- qad ʿalimta
-- qad ʿallamta
-- qad taʾaḫḫarta
-- tataqaddamu
- Focus on letter
-- warada kitāb
-- warada miṯāl karīm
-- waṣala kitāb
- Varia
-- ăs-sāʿaẗ
-- Unknown subtype A6
-- wa-ăl-lāh yā
A7. “X orders Y/Y serves X”
- “From the slave X to his master Y”
-- ʾilà ʿinda ... yuʿlimu (3.Sg.)
-- li-X/title
- “It has been ordered”
-- ăl-marsūm ăl-ʿālī
-- ăl-marsūm ăl-karīm
-- ʾammā baʿd
-- ʿan ăl-ʾamr ăl-ʿālī
-- ʾaṣdarnā kafālaẗ
-- lammā kāna bi-taʾrīḫ ... ḫaraǧa ăl-ʾamr ăl-ʿālī
-- li-yaʿlam kull man yaqifu ʿalà hāḏā ăl-kitāb
-- li-yaʿlam kull wāqif (muṭlaq)
-- miṯāl muṭlaq
-- miṯāl-nā hāḏā
-- rusima bi-ăl-ʾamr ăl-ʿālī
-- rusima bi-ăl-ʾamr ăš-šarīf
- “The communication has been released”
-- ṣadarat hāḏihi ăl-mukātabaẗ (expanded protocol)
-- ṣadarat hāḏihi ăl-mukātabaẗ (simple form)
- “The slave kisses”
-- ăl-mamlūk + Taqbīl
-- ḫallada ăl-lāh ... + Taqbīl
-- mamlūk ... + Taqbīl
-- ṣalawāt ăl-lāh ... + Taqbīl
-- Tarǧama + Taqbīl A (official)
-- Tarǧama + Taqbīl B (private/business)
- “The slave of“
-- ʿabd ḥaḍraẗ/mawlā-ya
- “The slave reports”
-- mamlūk/ʿabd yunhī
-- Tarǧama + yunhī
- Varia
-- ṣalawāt ăl-lāh (without Taqbīl)
-- Unknown subtype A7
-- yā sayyid-nā
- Various 3.Sg. Formularies
-- ḏakara
-- laysa qalīl
-- mā zāla X yaḏkuru
-- qad ʾaǧāba
-- waṣala-nī
-- yaʿlamu
-- yaštahī
-- yaštakī
-- yatafaḍḍalu
-- yuḥibbu
-- yuqirru
- “X serves Y”
-- yaḫdimu
B1. Table (well-preserved)
- “Amount of that which has been”
-- mablaġ mā ĭrtafaʿa
-- mablaġ mā ĭstaḥaqqa
-- mablaġ mā qabaḍa
-- mablaġ mā ṣaḥḥa
-- mablaġ mā ṯabata
-- mablaġ mā waǧaba
- List of ... (x=1)
-- ʾasmāʾ
-- ḥawāʾiǧ
-- mabāliġ
-- mudun
- List of ... (x=1) with an assigned value (y=1)
-- ʾaqdār + mabāliġ
-- ʾasmāʾ + ʾaʿdād
-- ʾasmāʾ + ʾaqdār
-- ʾasmāʾ + ḥawāʾiǧ
-- ḥawāʾiǧ + ʾaʿdād
-- ḥawāʾiǧ + ʾaqdār
- List of ... (x=1) with more assigned values (y+z>1)
-- ʾasmāʾ + ʾaqdār + mabāliġ
-- ʾasmāʾ + ḥawāʾiǧ + ʾaqdār
-- ʾasmāʾ + ḥawāʾiǧ + mabāliġ
-- ḥawāʾiǧ + ʾaqdār + mabāliġ
- “Memorandum of what has”
-- taḏkiraẗ ḥisāb
-- taḏkiraẗ mā ʾaddà
-- taḏkiraẗ mā ʾaǧliba
-- taḏkiraẗ mā ḫaraǧa
-- taḏkiraẗ mā li-X
-- taḏkiraẗ mā ṣurifa
-- taḏkiraẗ mā waṣala
- Official list
-- ʾasmāʾ ʿadad
-- ʾasmāʾ (“dīwānī”)
-- ǧarīdaẗ
- Official report
-- ʿamal
-- hāḏā taqdīr
-- maḫzūmaẗ
-- muḥāsabaẗ B
-- qāʾimaẗ
-- tasmiyaẗ ăṯ-ṯiyāb
-- waraqaẗ
- Official statement
-- ʿamal rafaʿa-hu
-- maḫzūmaẗ rafaʿa-hu
-- muḥāsabaẗ A
-- tafsīr
- Register of
-- ḫulliya
-- mablaġ kirà
-- masʾalaẗ
- “The total of”
-- ăl-ǧumlaẗ
-- ǧamīʿ mā ĭnḫaraǧa
-- ǧamīʿ mā ʾudḫila
-- ǧumlaẗ mā ĭrtafaʿa
-- ǧumlaẗ min
- Varia
-- ăḏ-ḏikr ... min ʾarḍ
-- ʿalaftu ... (min) yawm
-- ăl-ʾaṣl
-- ăl-ĭstiḫrāǧ
-- ăl-muʿabbà
-- ḥisāb
-- ʿimāraẗ
-- ʿinda
-- nafaqaẗ
-- sallama
-- ṯabat
-- tafsīr mā ʾaḫraǧa
-- taqassama la-hā
-- Unknown subtype B1
-- yuṣāru ʿalà/li-X
- “What has”
-- ăllaḏī ʾaḫaḏa
-- ăllaḏī ʾaḫraǧa
-- ăllaḏī ʿalà
-- ăllaḏī ʾanfaqa
-- ăllaḏī ʾaṣāba
-- ăllaḏī ʾaṭʿama
-- ăllaḏī daḫala
-- ăllaḏī daḫala bi-yaday
-- ăllaḏī dufiʿa
-- ăllaḏī ḫaraǧa
-- ăllaḏī ḥubiya
-- ăllaḏī ḥumila
-- ăllaḏī ḥusiba
-- ăllaḏī ʿinda
-- ăllaḏī ĭrtafaʿa
-- ăllaḏī la-hu
-- ăllaḏī lazima
-- ăllaḏī li-X
-- ăllaḏī maʿa
-- ăllaḏī min
-- ăllaḏī nafaqa-hu
-- ăllaḏī qabaḍa
-- ăllaḏī ṣāra
-- ăllaḏī ṣarrafa
-- ăllaḏī waṣala
-- ăllaḏī zaraʿa
- “What was”
-- mā ʾawqafa
-- mā waṣala
B2. Table (fragmentary)
- Related entries: date
-- šahr + Entry
-- yawm + Entry
- Related entries: rent
-- Property + Entry
- Related entries: village
-- qaryaẗ + Entry
- Varia
-- ʾaḥṣaytu
-- ʿalà X
-- ʿalà yad ʿan (nafsi-hi)
-- ăllaḏī ʾankara-hu/saqaṭa
-- ʿammā min
-- ʿan
-- baʿṯaẗ min X
-- bi-baʿṯ
-- fa-ǧamīʿ
-- fī
-- ǧarīdaẗ baqiya
-- ḥazr
-- ʾilà/fī
-- ʾilà X
-- la-hu
-- min
-- misāḥaẗ
-- safātiǧ
-- safīnaẗ
-- ṯaman
-- taʾrīǧ
-- Unknown subtype B2
- "What has been done"
-- mā buḏira
-- mā ĭbtāʿa-hu
-- mā ĭstaḫraǧa
-- mā ŭstūfiya
- “X has done (on behalf of)”
-- ʾaddà ʿan (nafsi-hi)
-- baḏara
-- dafaʿa ʾilà Y/ʿan (nafsi-hi)
-- ḫaraǧa
-- zaraʿa
Z. Others
- Atypical documents
-- ʾišāraẗ X
-- taḏkiraẗ B
-- wuǧida
-- yuwāṣilu bi-ăl-ʾadʿiyaẗ ... ʾammā baʿd
- Varia
-- Unknown subtype Z
Inventory number:
P.
Addis.Nat.Arch.
Agr Arch.dioc.
Aix Gril.
Alcoi Arch.mun.
Alhambra
Amézaga
Amst.
Amst Tropen.
Ant.
Arch.Hist.Nac.
AswanNub.Mus.
Athens Benaki Mus.
Barc.Carandell
Barc.Catedral
Baza Arch.Mun.
Baza.
Berl.
Berl.Kunst.
Bernhardt.
Bibl.Univ.Giss.
Bloomington
Bodl.
Brux.
Cair.Assaad
Cair.Awqaf
Cair.Copt.Patr.
Cair.EgLib.
Cair.EgMus.
Cair.IFAO
Cair.IslArt
Cair.Karaite
Cair.Ragab
Cair.Sinai
Cair.Wathaiq
Cam.
Cam.Wren.
Cast.Arch.mun.
CataniaCattedrale
Chic.
Coc.Arch.mun.
Codera.
Col.
Copenh.
Copt.Mus.
Corona de Aragón
CtYBR.
Cull.Arch.mun.
Dublin.ChestBeat.
Dubr.Arch.
ÉcijaArch.Mun.
Elsberg.
ENA
Escorial.
Fakhri
Flor.Arch.
Flor.BibLau.
Flor.
Freer
Gand Arch.Mun.
Gascou
Gen.Arch.
Gen.
Giss.
Gran.Arch.mun.
Gran.Bibl.Uni.
Gran.Catedral
Gran.Santiago.
Grohmann
Guadix.ArchDioc.
Halle
Hamb.
Heid.
Huesca
Huescar.
Husny
Ism.
Istanb.EvkMuz.
Istanb.Sinai
Ist.Ark.Müz.
Jand.
Jer.ArchProc.
Jerez.Campo Real.
Jer.Haram
Jer.James.
Jer.Mahkama
Jer.NatLib.
Jer.Patriachate.
Junta
Kaufmann
Khalili
KuwaitIslam
Lalibela.
Leiden
Lips.
Lond.
Lond.UniColl.
Lond.VictMus.
Louvre
Lund.
Madr.Arch.Org.
Madr.Bibl.nac.
Madr.Real Acad.
Mainz.GutMus.
Mál.Catedral.
Mall.Arxiu
Met.
Michael.
Mich.
Mil.
Moharib
Momblanch
Moncada.
Monn.
Mont.Arch.Not.
Morgan
Mosk.Push.
Naqlun
Nov.ArchMun.
Onda.Bib.
Oppenheim
Ori.Arch.Hist.
Oxon.Ashmol.
Oxy.Ashm.
PahlArch.
Palau Rib.
PalermoArch.Dioc.
Palermo Arch.Dioc.
PalermoArch.Stat.
Palermo Arch.Stat.
PalermoBibl.Reg.
PalermoCapella
Palermo Capella
Paris Arch.Nat.
ParisBN
Paris BN
PattiArch.Dioc.
Patti Arch.Dioc.
Petersb.Acad.
Petersb.Erem.
Philad.Univ.Mus.
Phil.Univ.Mus.
Pisa Arch.
Pisa.Arch.
Prag.
Princ.
QasrIbrim
QuseirSouth.
Raqq.
Redarampur.
Rockefeller
Ryl.
Sanjar.
Saqqara
Seco.
Seg.Catedral
Séoudi
Sev.Cath.
Sev.Med.
Simancas.
Sinai
Sorb.
St.Ant.
Stras.
Sueca Arch.mun.
Teheran.
Toledo Arch.Duc.
ToledoArch.Mun.
ToledoCatedral
Toledo Catedral
ToledoSanClemente
Toledo SanClemente
ToledoSanNicolás
Toledo SanNicolás
ToledoSantoDomingo
Topk.Müz.
Tor.AKM
TudelaCatedral.
Tudela Catedral
Utah
Val.Arch.Uni.
Val.Bib.Uni.
Val.Catedral
Val.Disp.
Val.Reino
Vat.Arch.Seg.
Ven.Arch.
Vila Arch.mun.
Vind.
Vitelli
Wash.Congress
Yonne.Arch.
Zaragoza ArchHist
Zaragoza ArchNot
Zaragoza LaSeo.
ZaragozaPilar
Zaragoza Pilar
Zaragoza VivesCiscar
Sartain
inv.
Kind:
Act of emancipation
Amulet
Astrological text
Business letter
Certificate of discharge
Contract of sale
Deed of gifts (ṣadaqāt)
Divorce document
Drawing
Estate inventory
Hire of employees
Inheritance document
Lease
Legal text (undefined)
Letter (undefined)
List, account
Literary text
Marriage contract
Note
Official declaration
Official letter, administrative document
Order for payment or delivery
Other administrative document
other language
Other legal text
Other private document
Petition
Pilgrimage certificate
Prayer
Prescription
Private letter
Protocol
Receipt for payment or delivery
Registration (kitāb siǧill)
Responsum (fatwà)
Signatures of witnesses
Testimony
Ṭirāz inscription
undefinable
Waqfiyya
Writing exercise
Written obligation
Year:
from
to
Title:
Material:
blackboard
bone
eggshell
glass
leather
ostracon
paper
paper (blockprint)
papyrus
parchment
parchment (blockprint)
stone
textile
woodtable
Language(s):
Or search anywhere:
Origin:
Arabia
- Ḥiǧāz
-- Mekka
Central Asia
- Bactria
-- Balḫ
-- Bāmiyān
- Sogdiana
-- Panjikant
-- Zarafšān
- Xinjiang
-- Yārkand
Egypt
- Eastern Desert
-- Antonius Monastery
-- Quṣayr, al-
- Fayyūm, al-
-- Aqnā
-- Baṭn al-Harīṯ
-- Bulǧusūq
-- Buwayt
-- Dima
-- Kōm Fāris
-- Lahūn, al-
-- Madīnat al-Fāris
-- Madīnat al-Fayyūm
-- Madīnat Māḍī
-- Muṭūl
-- Naqlūn
-- Qaṣr al-Banāt
-- Ṭuṭūn
-- unknown (al-Fayyūm)
-- Uqlūl
- Lower Egypt
-- Alexandria
-- Banhā
-- Bilbays
-- Buḥayra, al-
-- Daqahliyya, ad-
-- Dayr Abī Hirmīs
-- Dimyāṭ
-- Fusṭāṭ, al-
-- Ġarbiyya, al-
-- Ǧīza, al-
-- Manūfiyya
-- Minūf
-- Qāhira, al- (greater Cairo)
-- Rawḍa, ar-
-- Saqqāra
-- Šarqiyya, aš-
-- Tinnīs
-- Tūra, at-
-- unknown (Lower Egypt)
- Sinai (Egypt)
-- Dayr Sānt Kātrīn
-- Qalʿat al-Ǧindī
- unknown (Egypt)
-- unknown (Egypt)
- Upper Egypt
-- Aḫmīm
-- Anṣinā
-- Armant
-- Aswān
-- Asyūṭ
-- Aṭfīḥ
-- Bahnasā, al-
-- Baḥr Yūsuf
-- Dalāṣ
-- Dayr al-Abyaḍ, al-
-- Dayr al-Balāʾiza
-- Idfū
-- Ihnās
-- Išqawh
-- Isṭabl ʿAntar
-- Maqṭūl (al-Ušmūn province)
-- Nawāya
-- Qāw
-- Qays, al-
-- Qūṣ
-- Tachlout
-- Ṭuḫ
-- unknown (Upper Egypt)
-- Uqṣur, al- (west)
-- Ušmūnayn, al-
- Western Desert
-- Qaṣr, al-
-- Wāḥāt al-Baḥriyya, al-
Ethiopia
- unknown (Ethiopia)
-- unknown (Ethiopia)
Greece
- Dodecanese
-- Rhodes
Iran
- Azerbaijan
-- Ardabil
-- Takht-e Soleyman
- Kurdestan
-- Hamadan
- unknown (Iran)
-- unknown (Iran)
Italy
- Sicily
-- Agrigent
-- Catania
-- Cefalù
-- Frazzanò
-- Messina
-- Monreale
-- Palermo
-- Patti
- Tuscany
-- Pisa
- Veneto
-- Venezia
Maghreb
- Algeria
-- Bougie
-- Constantine
-- Ferdjioua
-- Miliana
-- Tlemcen
- Libya
-- Tripoli
- Morocco
-- Badis
-- Ceuta
-- Fez
-- Marrākuš
-- Tétouan
- Tunisia
-- Mahdia
-- Tunis, Carthage
- unknown (Maghreb)
-- unknown (Maghreb)
Mesopotamia
- Upper Mesopotamia
-- Erbil
-- Sāmarrā
-- unknown (Upper Mes.)
Nubia
- Lower Nubia
-- Qaṣr Ibrīm
- unknown (Nubia)
-- unknown (Nubia)
- Upper Nubia
-- Dongola
Spain
- Aragón
-- Calatayud
-- Callosa d'En Sarrià
-- Huesca
-- Jaca
-- unknown (Aragón)
-- Zaragoza
- Balearic Islands
-- Palma de Mallorca
- Castilla
-- Almoguera
-- Guadalajara
-- Jaén
-- Medinaceli
-- Talavera
-- Toledo
- Granada
-- Alcalá de Henares
-- Baza
-- Casares
-- Cenete
-- Granada
-- Guadix
-- Málaga
-- Orihuela
-- Ronda
-- Sevilla
-- Vera
- La Rioja
-- unknown (La Rioja)
- Navarra
-- Tudela
- unknown (Spain)
-- unknown (Spain)
- Valencia
-- Aialt
-- Alberic
-- Alfarb
-- Algimia de Almonacid
-- Alicante
-- Almedíjar
-- Argelita
-- Artana
-- Ayódar
-- Benaguasil
-- Benavites
-- Benifairó de Valldigna
-- Benilloba
-- Benirredrà
-- Bétera
-- Betxí
-- Borriol
-- Castell de Castells
-- Castellnovo
-- Castellón
-- Chelva
-- Confrides
-- Cortes de Pallás
-- Elche
-- Eslida
-- Fanzara
-- Favareta
-- Gandia
-- Guadalest
-- Játiva
-- La Llosa
-- La Vall d'Alauar
-- La Vall d'Ebo
-- La Vall d'Uixó
-- La Vilavella
-- Mascarell
-- Matet
-- Muro
-- Murviedro
-- Novelda
-- Onda
-- Paterna
-- Poblet
-- Relleu
-- Ribesalbes
-- Simat de la Validigna
-- Sumacàrcer
-- Tavernes de la Validigna
-- unknown (Valencia)
-- Valencia
-- Vallat
-- Vall de Gallinera
-- Valle de Alcalà
Syria-Palestine
- Anatolia
-- Antiochia
- Lebanon
-- Ṣūr
-- Ţarābulus
- Palestine
-- Ḫirbat al-Mird
-- Jericho
-- Jerusalem
-- Nābulus
-- Naṣtān
-- Ramla
-- Tiberias
- Syria
-- Aleppo
-- Damascus
-- Qaṣr al-Ḥayr al-Ġarbī
- unknown (Syria-Palestine)
-- unknown (Syria-Palestine)
unknown
- unknown
-- unknown (not even country)
Doc. with full text only:
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